Ptcl Internship Report - 3661 Words

Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited Internship Complementation Report Wireless amp; Transmission FTRP Faisalabad Submitted by: ABDUL BASIT BSc Electrical Engineering (2010-14) Registration No. 2010-GCUF-4180-522 Government College University Faisalabad Submitted to: Mr. Muhammad Mehmood Manager, MSC Wireless FTRP Faisalabad Contents Topic | Page No. | Background | 3 | Introduction | 3 | Wireless Communication General Process | 4 | Fundamental of Cellular Communication | 4 | Speed affecting factors in Wireless communication | 6 | Multiple Access Schemes | 6 | Code Division Multiple Access Schemes | 6 | Wireless Local Loop | 9 |†¦show more content†¦Each user operates independently with no knowledge of the other users. Thus, not only all users in the same cell share all the time-frequency degrees of freedom, so do the users in different cells. Wireless Communication General Process Figure 1: General Process of Wireless Communication Fundamentals of Cellular Communication The area served by Mobile phones is divided into small areas known as cells. Each Cell contains a base station which communicates with the mobiles in the cells. There are two types of transmission downstream and upstream. The transmission from the base station to the mobile is called downs stream, forward link or downlinks. While the transmission from the mobile to base station is referred to as upstream, reverse link or uplink. There are certain terminologies associated with the Mobile Communication, which is given below with the Brief description to understand how the communication is actually done. MS Mobile Station which can originate or receive calls and can communicate with the concerned BTS. BTS The Base Transceiver Station has the radio transceivers that defines a cell and handles the radio link protocol with the Mobile Station. The BTS transmit and receive signals realizing the communication between radio system and Mobile Station. BSC The Base Station Controller manages the radio resources of one or more BTS. It controls the Call connection and disconnection. It deals with the mobility management; it deals with theShow MoreRelatedHr Department of Ptcl Zonal Office Islamabad10181 Words   |  41 Pages            Internship Report of PTCL    PTCL Internship Report SUPERVISOR Mr. Ehtesham SUBMITTED BY Afifa Riaz Mughal SUBMISSION DATE 28th October, 2010. ___________________________________ C O M S A T S INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY       Page  2       DEDICATION I lovingly dedicate my this effort to my respected parents teachers because of there true sincere support I am able to achieve my goals dreams       Page  3       ACKNOWLEDGEMENT   Allah has said, Pray to me so that I will answerRead MoreMba Internship Report Ufone7776 Words   |  32 Pagesto put together this report and I would like to thank my parents for their throughout support, my teachers for instilling in my enough knowledge to be able to carry myself efficiently during my internship and last but not least the staff of Accounts Payable Department especially Mr. Awais Khan, Mr. Waqas Ali, Mr. Saboor , Mr. Akhtar, Mr.Muhammad Farhan., who were extremely helpful during the internship and for the compilation of this report too. Executive Summary This report has been written to fulfillRead MorePest Analysis of Telenor11594 Words   |  47 PagesCompetitive Environment Customers 33 Strategic Direction 34 Strategic Initiatives 34 Operational Plans 35 Marketing Analysis 35 PRODUCT OR SERVICES 35 PRICE 35 PLACE 35 PROMOTION 36 Telenor Internal Policies 37 Further Education 37 Gratuity 37 Internship 37 Laptop every employee of Telenor Pakistan 37 Leave Fare Assistance 37 Leave Annual Leave 38 Casual Leave 38 Life Insurance 38 Long Service Awards 38 Maternity Leave 38 Medical amp; Hospitalization 38 Mobile Connection and Handset AllowanceRead MoreInternship Report on Mcb20087 Words   |  81 Pagesin the organizational environment which is dramatically different from the educational environment. That two months period called â€Å"Internship Period†, if spent properly and sincerely, enables the students to be more confident, more knowledgeable, more responsible and, above all, more committed to its work in the  practical field. I have also been assigned to do internship of six weeks period in MCB Allama Iqbal Town Branch Lahore. It has enabled me to understand the practical scenario and sharpen our

Nursing Interventions For The Management Of Patient Fatigue

Michaela P. Capulong NU310 Unit 3 Assignment Worksheet August 17, 2015 Directions 1. List the source in APA style and format Reference: Patterson, E., Wan, Yi, Wai, T., Sidani, S. (2013). Nonpharmacological nursing interventions for the management of patient fatigue: a literature review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22, 2668–2678. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12211 2. Is the review thorough—does it include all of the major studies on the topic? Does it include recent research? Are studies from other related disciplines included, if appropriate? (25 points) In my opinion the review was fair, but the research study is weak due to several limitations. The reviewers clearly identified the limitations of the study such as, the sample size and the evaluation of the interventions. Although, the eight types of interventions were reviewed, the researchers did not include the effect and impact of nonpharmacological interventions of patients with fatigue. The reviewers included the recent research studies for comparison and credible references were used to support the review. A table with descriptions and interventions should also be clearly labeled and in detailed. Based on the study, the interventions were delivered by nurses and nurse researchers. It would more effective if other disciples such as the occupational therapist, physical therapist, Kinesiotherapist, and physicians were included in the studies. The OT, PT, KT plays a significant role in improving activity tolerance andShow MoreRelatedNursing Interventions For The Management Of Patient Fatigue1025 Words   |  5 Pages 1. List the source in APA style and format Reference: Erin, P., Wan, Yi, Wan, T., Sidini, S. (2012). Nonpharmacological nursing interventions for the management of patient fatigue: a literature review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22, 2668–2678. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12211 2. Is the review thorough—does it include all of the major studies on the topic? Does it include recent research? Are studies from other related disciplines included, if appropriate? (25 points) The reviewers were thorough becauseRead MoreWhy People Seek Medical Assistance1617 Words   |  7 Pages2009). When pain is poorly managed, it can delay healing and recovery. Using the proper nursing assessment skill is very important to assess a patient’s pain level, and determine the best intervention to reduce or eliminate it. Middle range theory like Pain: a balance between analgesia and side effects and the theory of unpleasant symptoms (TOUS) helps interrupt and serves as a tool that can be used in daily nursing practice. Background of Pain Theory During the 17th century, scientists proposed variousRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Pain1654 Words   |  7 PagesWhen pain is poorly managed, it can delay healing and recovery. Using the proper nursing assessment skill is very important to assess a patient’s pain level, and determine the best intervention to reduce or eliminate it. Middle range theory such as Pain: a balance between analgesia and side effects and the theory of unpleasant symptoms (TOUS) helps interpret and serves as a tool used in assessing patients in nursing practice. Background of Pain Theory During the 17th century, scientistsRead MoreAlarm Fatigue : A Critical Patient Safety Alert1362 Words   |  6 Pagesabout a critical patient safety hazard known as â€Å"alarm fatigue†. Alarm fatigue occurs when caregivers are desensitized by the frequent sounding of competing alarms from medical equipment, and other sources in a healthcare setting. Clinical alarms can be unintentionally overlooked as background noise, and drown out actionable warning signs that require vital clinical interventions. These alarm safety issues have led to unfavorable and, at times, even fatal patient outcomes. Alarm fatigue is a complexRead MoreEvidence Based Practice ( Ebp ) Model1085 Words   |  5 Pagespractice (CRF has physical, psychological, and economic effects on cancer patients’ quality of life and overall satisfaction rate with their treating teams. Assess the nursing knowledge about CRF, collect the data about the rate of CRF and use the findings to improve staff knowledge about managing CRF). Step-2. Link problem with interventions and outcome (effect of implementing EBP guideline in reducing the effect of CRF on patient quality of life). Step-3. Synthesize best evidence (through systematicRead MoreCompassion Fatigue in Pediatric Oncology Nurses Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagesbuild long-term relationship with their patients and families. Standard treatment protocol for many childhood cancers span over the course of years, with long-term surveillance and follow up visits after treatment has finished. Due to their patient’s chronic diagnoses and the acuity of their conditions, pediatric oncology nurses work in an environment of increased stress. The high stress environment puts the nurses at an increased risk for compassion fatigue; so it is the responsibility of both theRead MoreAlarm Fatigue : A Critical Problem1206 Words   |  5 Pages Alarm fatigue is a critical problem in health care setting. Nurses may not respond to alarms because they know that most of them are false or non-actionable. Sometimes, the alarms become the noises that nurses no longer hear because they are heard all the time. In addition to ignore alarms, nurses may also reduce audible alarm levels, change alarm limits, and inappropriately silence or deactivate alarms (Cvach, 2012). The alarm fatigue has led to sentinel events and deaths of patients (Cvach, 2012)Read Moremonitor alarm fatigue Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesMonitor Alarm Fatigue Courtney Conner University of South Alabama Strategies to Reduce Monitor Alarm Fatigue Monitor alarms are designed to alert caregivers to changes in a patient’s condition and can save lives, but majority of the alarms do not require clinical intervention. However, as the number of alarms encountered by clinicians on a daily basis rises, it has become difficult for caregivers to distinguish between clinically significant alarms and nuisance alarms. As a result, alarm fatigue has becomeRead MoreTeaching Nurses On Compassion Fatigue1571 Words   |  7 Pagespractice (EBP) project was to educate ED nurses on compassion fatigue (CF) risk factors, causes, and symptoms as well as assist them in its identification among each other and within themselves. Further, the project sought to provide nurses with skills in order to prevent CF. A two-hour workshop consisting of a PowerPoint presentation was implemented in a busy emergency department on the coast of NJ. Teaching nurses about compassion fatigue and ways in which to alleviate and prevent it were stressedRead More Wgu Community Health Task 21548 Words   |  7 PagesPerceptions This author’s personal perceptions concerning patients facing a lingering terminal illness, have been shaped by over 20 years of critical care nursing experience. Facing death and illness on a daily basis requires self-examination and a high degree of comfort with one’s own mortality, limits and values. Constant exposure to the fragility of life forces respect for the whole person and the people who love them. A general approach to patients who are actively dying is to allow them to define

Game Theory and Report Teachers Association Free Essays

Ridgecrest School Dispute Initial Report Teachers’ Association 11/15/12 In order to maximize combined interests and reach the Pareto Efficient Frontier, our strategy is to build trust by sharing information about our interests and priorities. In addition, sharing information can help create a positive relationship with the Board of Education and can increase the chances that they will reciprocate that behavior by giving away information about their interests and priorities. Given that many people are reluctant to share information with the other side, we also plan on asking the Board of Education many questions so that we can learn from what is not said as well as from what is said. We will write a custom essay sample on Game Theory and Report Teachers Association or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another strategy we will use to create value is to make multiple offers simultaneously because it helps to collect valuable information and it makes us appear more flexible. This is a particularly important strategy given that we can compromise on various issues if the other side is willing to offer us some concessions on other matters in return. For instance, we would be willing to accept a formula in which any pay received for performing civic duty would be deducted from regular pay if the board is willing to meet our demands for salary acceptably (See planning document for what is acceptable). The cost-cutting strategy is useful in that it allows for one party to get what it wants while the other has the costs associated with its concession reduced or eliminated. This is a strategy we will use by proposing to the other side a budget that we have come up with that minimizes our concessions while still allowing them to get what they want (See attached Budget Proposal). We have prepared this budget so that when the other side claims that there is no other way expenditures can be cut, we can show them an alternative solution. In addition, we also want to trade off differences in interests and priorities in order to create value. We plan on doing this by trading issues that are most important to us such as salary and workload for issues that are most important to the other side. We realize that this might be a problem if the interests that are most important to us are also most important to the other side. But, there might be issues that are significantly more important in terms of other issues to one side than they are to the other side. Finally, we plan on searching for post-settlement settlements in order to look for an agreement that is better for both sides. Once we have created the most possible value that can be created, we will use strategies to claim value. First, we will open aggressively given that initial positions act as anchors and affect the perception of what outcomes are possible. We will do this by asking for more than our target (See planning document for target). For example, we will ask for a $7,000 increase in salaries for lower levels and reduce the pupil/teacher ratio to 13:1. We realize that the other side will not agree to this, but it will still be helpful as an anchor. Another strategy we will use to claim value is to give credible reasons for our interests whenever possible (See Issues Analysis for several reasons). For instance, the reason we want an increase in salaries is because we have not had any salary increases in years and our workday is longer than the NJ average (See attached for NJ average). If we do not have a credible reason for an interest, then we will use a pseudo reason. In addition, we will know what interests we are willing and not willing to give concessions on (See planning document for concessions). This is important given that there are so many issues in this negotiation that we can compromise on if the other side is willing to give us something else in return. Finally, we are prepared to make smaller concessions to indicate that we are reaching our bottom line without revealing our bottom line. This is always an important strategy because we want a deal that is close to our target, but are willing to accept any deal that is at or above our bottom line. How to cite Game Theory and Report Teachers Association, Essay examples

Overview of Privacy Security Challenges in the IoT †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the The Internet of Things. Answer: Introduction IoT nowadays is picking up the momentum over a wide range of ventures, organizations, and procedures in the personal and professional lives of almost every individual. The fast and quick development of Iot brings numerous opportunities and conveniences, however, everything comes with some negative impacts also so as in the case of IoT, it brings a lot of privacy and security issues with it. The advancement is going on quickly and with these advancements, the growth challenges of IoT are also increasing. However, many authors explain that the difficulties of IoT can be easily controlled if the organizations and individuals take them seriously. But today, the IoT is moving substance to a world of information ruptures, dangers as well as vulnerabilities. Privacy and Security issues in the IoT In this literature review, I have found out that the IoT is a moving content in the data world where there are chances of data breaches, data threats and several vulnerabilities. The expression IoT was probably presented by the expert Kevin Ashton in 2000. As indicated by Zarzhistky in 2016, the attention to the idea is becoming a standard and now IoT has been coined (A, Zarzhistky, 2016). However, I believe that the mental reality of IoT is quite recently beginning to rise for people. One will discover many definitions from different respectable hotspots for the Internet of Things yet no single authoritative definition is present for IoT. In any case, the regular idea utilized is that IoT means links and connections. At last, the IoT is the association of sensors and machines to the complete network of individuals, procedures and data. The idea began relocating gradually into individuals lives, yet has all the earmarks of being multiplied rapidly. In case someone might think about the cell phone- IoT is considered as a sensor that interfaces individuals in different locations, connections by means of contacts, money related data, wellbeing data and numerous different connections or links (Borgohain, 2015). The cell phone has just expanded in capacity and link, for example, controlling home temperature. According to the Kim, different cases of objects that might have a place with the Internet of Things are recorded as (Kim, 2016): Home security framework which can be checked and controlled through the Internet; Sensor in cellar that sends messages when it distinguishes flooding; From a health care perspective, restroom scale which sends the patient weight readings by means of a network to a specialist; Automobiles with a framework of telematics that enable them to be controlled as well as checked regularly (Lu, 2014). These illustrations have expanded the requirement for protection and security, whether individuals are completely aware about the threats or not. The breaches of credit cards appear to be as the minor data that can be traded off with the internet of things. Curiously enough, when individuals use IoT, he/she don't appear to make buys based on the safety or security components. Maras additionally expresses that keen gadgets are gradually changing the scene of the Web or the Internet and also the procedure of unleashing another influx of insecure products has arisen (Maras, 2015). While Nath and Som in 2017 states that the privacy and the security is missing from IoT applications, correspondences and systems associated with the gadgets via Internet (Nath, Som, 2017). In this article, Parashar also demonstrates some specialized methodologies that are surely being examined, particularly, for the protection of the information (Parashar, 2016). Likewise, in general, the authors have uncove red that there are no benchmarks and administration. The extensive specialized companies are shaping different groups in order to meet the organizations own particular goals, however, the group of experts is not getting together to coordinate their thoughts. As indicated by Satish Kuamr, (FTC) endeavors to draw some straightforward accepted procedures for protection yet it does not bind together any benchmarks for administration or specialized methodologies (SathishKumar, R. Patel, 2014). The protection and security issues are inescapable, emerging from the certainties that questions on IoT transmit data through open information system; the data these items accumulation is regularly transmitted to outsiders; the clients of the gadgets are frequently ignorant of how the data is utilized by those beneficiaries; protection and security contemplations have not been a major concern in the entire design of the IoT gadgets and; some IoT gadgets are totally intended to keep an eye on the clients. The major point that Tankard states in this article is that the clients need attention to security and privacy (Tankard, 2015). I contend or postulate that regardless of the possibility that clients know they may do without the protection for the comfort of the gadget associated with the internet of things (Niu, Zou, Ou Yang, Tang, Zou, 2013). This has been just the impulse for inspecting the study on the internet of things with a glance at the protection and safety issues. Besides and as indicated by the author makers of IoT, gadgets are not expressly advancing or advising clients of the information gathered on such devices. From the producers perspective, this is a chance to gather huge information and dissect it for focusing on clients better. In case that this strategy picks up the benefits as to why might the maker attempt to teach the client. Furthermore, Weber states that the makers will get a small profit for their speculation in the event that they enhance protection and security (Weber, 2010). As per Weber, it alludes that the IoT amplifies the term of "web" through comparing advancements, for example, customary Internet, portable networks, sensor systems, etc. Each "thing" is associated with the "Web" as well as all these "things" easily communicates with one another (Weber, 2015). The summary about the issues of the IOT according to the author is very much accurate because he/she have used very simple and easy way to explain such issues. This article summarizes that these sorts of frameworks suggest incredible potential for adaptability and versatility, yet they have the danger of having security issues as well. There are several issues about IoT, wide selection as well as IoT has no solutions for several dangers; it would seem that it can't be for all intents and purposes for an appropriate technology in the coming future. They for the most part utilize low-data transfer capacity correspondence channels. Subsequently, some security procedures do not matter, for example, recurrence bouncing correspondence as well as public key encoding calculation (Yang, Wu, Yin, Li, Zhao, 2017). The setup of privacy or security framework is exceptionally troublesome under these conditions. Albeit a few of IoT applications utilize brief and occasional correspondence channels, there are significant IoT frameworks, for example, sensor-based, co-ordinations and expansive scale framework that has the possibilities to involve a colossal volume of information on focal system and servers. The conventional PCs require clients to design and adjust them to various application areas and diverse correspondence situations. However, protests in IoT system ought to build up associations suddenly, and sort out or arrange themselves for adjusting to the stage they are working in. This sort of control likewise includes a few methods and components, for example, self-designing, self-improving, self-administration, self-mending and also self-securing (Ziegeldorf, Morchon, Wehrle, 2014). I believe that issues, such as, privacy protection as well as scalability are the two most important issues in IOT, which are not completely mentioned in this article. Security issue, since there are incredible RFID frameworks are simple and short of a reasonable confirmation system, anybody can track labels and discover the recognition of the item conveyed to them. The Interlopers can read the information, as well as alter or indeed can erase the information as well. If the internet of things, will continually go on to genuinely remove, then this would be the principal issue that producers have to address. In the year 2015, the IoT control review has found that on and about forty-four percent of individuals were concerned or worried about the possibility of getting their information stolen or purloined from their cell phones (A, Zarzhistky, 2016). Versatility means that the IoT should comprise of an expansive number of hubs. The proposed privacy system on IoT ought to be versatile. The ATT cyber security report overviews that more than five thousand organizations far and wide have found that Eighty-five percent of endeavors presently intend to send the IoT gadgets. However, a simple ten percent of those have felt sure that they could protect those gadgets against hackers (Kim, 2016). The manufacturers or programmers could really utilize an associated gadget for all intents and purposes for attacking on an individuals home (Borgohain, 2015). IoT as well as their application issues puts several impacts in our real life. While analysts are taking a look at different specialized ways to deal with secure protection, another viewpoint that could be considered is that of approaches and practices. As Maras describes that there are disruptive patterns in the information security, such as, the supposed Internet of Things, outsider information merchants and data relating to monetary as well as other delicate subjects changing the methods business is led and thus quickening worries about the information security (Maras, 2015). The IoT is associating more gadgets consistently, and we're set out toward a world that will surely have twenty four billion IoT gadgets by 2020. This development conveys a few advantages, as it will change the way individuals complete the regular undertakings and conceivably change the world. New improvements would enable associated autos to interface up with a keen city foundation to make a totally unique b iological community for the drivers, who are just utilizing the conventional methods for getting from one point to another (Parashar, 2016). Conclusion IoT is a developing innovation that has pulled in an extensive number of analysts from all over the globe. There are several real commitments that make this innovation adjusted into our day by day life. However, there are bunches of key challenges tending to security worries of IoT along with it, they also require more research push to be illuminated. The IoT is a framework, to the point that provisions network and intelligent correspondence for anything. Despite the fact that "being associated" is typically utilized as a part of term of electronic gadgets in our day to day life, physical objects, for example, sensors and actuators, interface with the Internet with one of a kind addresses. I have also learnt that the issues lie in the quality of the internet of things itself. The IoT will link remote devices as well as systems and offer a data flow between devices as well as in decentralized management frameworks. The information or even gadgets will be integrated into present organi zational procedures to provide data on the object, status, and practicality of such systems, and data about individuals who own as well as operate them. References A, G., Zarzhistky, D. (2016). Security and Privacy challenges for IoT. Borgohain, T. (2015). Survey of Security and Privacy Issues of Internet of Things. Kim, J. (2016). Security and Privacy Issues in Internet of Things.Asia-Pacific Journal Of Multimedia Services Convergent With Art, Humanities, And Sociology,6(11), 559-566. Lu, C. (2014). Overview of Security and Privacy Issues in the Internet of Things. Maras, M. (2015). Internet of Things: security and privacy implications.International Data Privacy Law,5(2), 99-104. Nath, S., Som, S. (2017). Security and Privacy Challenges: Internet of Things.Indian Journal Of Science And Technology,10(3). Niu, C., Zou, K., Ou Yang, Y., Tang, G., Zou, Y. (2013). Security and Privacy Issues of the Internet of Things.Applied Mechanics And Materials,416-417, 1429-1433. Parashar, R. (2016). Security and privacy issues in internet of things.Global Sci-Tech,8(4), 233. SathishKumar, J., R. Patel, D. (2014). A Survey on Internet of Things: Security and Privacy Issues.International Journal Of Computer Applications,90(11), 20-26. Tankard, C. (2015). The security issues of the Internet of Things.Computer Fraud Security,2015(9), 11-14. Weber, R. (2010). Internet of Things New security and privacy challenges.Computer Law Security Review,26(1), 23-30. Weber, R. (2015). Internet of things: Privacy issues revisited.Computer Law Security Review,31(5), 618-627. Yang, Y., Wu, L., Yin, G., Li, L., Zhao, H. (2017). A Survey on Security and Privacy Issues in Internet-of-Things.IEEE Internet Of Things Journal, 1-1. Ziegeldorf, J., Morchon, O., Wehrle, K. (2014). Privacy in the Internet of Things: Threats and Challenges.